「Indium」調整以後𣍐蜀樣其地方

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Sĭng hiĕk: thumb|right|200px|Indium '''Indium''' sê siŏh cṳ̄ng gĭng-sṳ̆k, iâ sê siŏh cṳ̄ng huá-hŏk nguòng-só. Nguòng-cṳ̄ sê...
 
無編輯摘要
Dâ̤ 1 hòng: Dâ̤ 1 hòng:
{{Infobox element
[[File:Indium wetting glass.jpg|thumb|right|200px|Indium]]
|number=49
|symbol=In
|name=indi
|enname=indium
|laname=indium
|left=[[Gáik (gĭng-sṳ̆k)|Cadimi]]
|right=[[sék]]
|above=[[gallium|Gali]]
|below=[[thallium|Tali]]
|series=bìng-gĭng-sṳ̆k
|group=13
|period=5
|block=p
|image name=Indium.jpg
|appearance=silvery lustrous gray
|atomic mass=114.818
|atomic mass ref=<ref name="IUPAC">[http://www.ciaaw.org/atomic-weights.htm Standard Atomic Weights 2013]. [[Commission on Isotopic Abundances and Atomic Weights]]</ref>
|atomic mass 2=1
|atomic mass comment=
|electron configuration=&#91;[[krypton|Kr]]&#93; 4d<sup>10</sup> 5s<sup>2</sup> 5p<sup>1</sup>
|electrons per shell=2, 8, 18, 18, 3
|phase=gó-tā̤
|density gpcm3nrt=7.31
|density gpcm3mp=7.02
|melting point K=429.7485
|melting point C=156.5985
|melting point F=313.8773
|boiling point K=2345
|boiling point C=2072
|boiling point F=3762
|triple point K=429.7445
|triple point kPa=~1
|triple point ref=<ref>{{cite journal|doi=10.1088/0026-1394/26/4/001|bibcode=1989Metro..26..211M|title=Determination of the Indium Freezing-point and Triple-point Temperatures|year=1989|last1=Mangum|first1=B W|journal=Metrologia|volume=26|issue=4|pages=211}}</ref>
|heat fusion=3.281
|heat vaporization=231.8
|heat capacity=26.74
|vapor pressure 1=1196
|vapor pressure 10=1325
|vapor pressure 100=1485
|vapor pressure 1 k=1690
|vapor pressure 10 k=1962
|vapor pressure 100 k=2340
|vapor pressure comment=
|crystal structure=tetragonal
|oxidation states='''3''', 2, 1, −1, −2, −5<ref>{{cite journal|doi=10.1021/ic951378e|title=Synthesis, Structure, and Bonding of Two Lanthanum Indium Germanides with Novel Structures and Properties|year=1996|last1=Guloy|first1=A. M.|last2=Corbett|first2=J. D.|journal=Inorganic Chemistry|volume=35|issue=9|pages=2616–22}}</ref>
|oxidation states comment=(an [[amphoterism|amphoteric]] oxide)
|electronegativity=1.78
|number of ionization energies=3
|ionization energy 1=558.3
|ionization energy 2=1820.7
|ionization energy 3=2704
|atomic radius=167
|covalent radius=142±5
|Van der Waals radius=193
|magnetic ordering=[[diamagnetic]]
|magnetic ordering ref=<ref>{{cite book |url=http://web.archive.org/web/20110303222309/http://www-d0.fnal.gov/hardware/cal/lvps_info/engineering/elementmagn.pdf|chapter=Magnetic susceptibility of the elements and inorganic compounds| editor = Lide, D. R. | title = CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics | edition = 86th | location = Boca Raton (FL) | publisher = CRC Press | year = 2005 | isbn = 0-8493-0486-5 }}
</ref>
|electrical resistivity unit prefix=n
|electrical resistivity at 20=83.7
|thermal conductivity=81.8
|thermal expansion at 25=32.1
|speed of sound rod at 20=1215
|Young's modulus=11
|Mohs hardness=1.2
|Brinell hardness=8.8–10.0
|CAS number=7440-74-6
|isotopes=
{{infobox element/isotopes decay | mn=113 | sym=In | na=4.29% | hl=– | dm=([[spontaneous fission|SF]]) | de=<24.281 | pn= | ps= }}
{{infobox element/isotopes decay | mn=115 | sym=In
| na=95.71% | hl=4.41&times;10<sup>14</sup>&nbsp;y
| dm=[[beta emission|β<sup>−</sup>]] | de=0.495 | link1=tin-115 | pn=115 | ps=Sn}}
|isotopes comment=Decay modes in parentheses are predicted, but have not yet been observed
|discovered by=[[Ferdinand Reich]] and [[Hieronymous Theodor Richter]]
|discovery date=1863
|first isolation by=Hieronymous Theodor Richter
|first isolation date=1867
}}
'''Indium''' sê siŏh cṳ̄ng [[gĭng-sṳ̆k]], iâ sê siŏh cṳ̄ng [[huá-hŏk nguòng-só]]. [[Nguòng-cṳ̄ sê̤ṳ-só]] sê 49, huá-hŏk hù-hô̤ sê In.
'''Indium''' sê siŏh cṳ̄ng [[gĭng-sṳ̆k]], iâ sê siŏh cṳ̄ng [[huá-hŏk nguòng-só]]. [[Nguòng-cṳ̄ sê̤ṳ-só]] sê 49, huá-hŏk hù-hô̤ sê In.
==Huá-hŏk séng-cék==
==Huá-hŏk séng-cék==
Dâ̤ 6 hòng: Dâ̤ 83 hòng:


==Cié-chṳ̄==
==Cié-chṳ̄==

==Chăng-kō̤ cṳ̆-lâiu==
{{reflist}}


{{Ciŭ-gĭ-biēu}}
{{Ciŭ-gĭ-biēu}}

2018 nièng 6 nguŏk 3 hô̤ (LB) 09:19 gì bēng-buōng

indi   49In
Kĭng(gì-tă hĭ-gĭng-sṳ̆k)
Hâi(hĭ-iū ké-tā̤)
Lī (gĭng-sṳ̆k)(giĕng-gĭng-sṳ̆k)
Pì (gĭng-sṳ̆k)(giĕng-tū gĭng-sṳ̆k)
Bèng(lôi-gĭng-sṳ̆k)
Táng(gì-tă hĭ-gĭng-sṳ̆k)
Dâng(gì-tă hĭ-gĭng-sṳ̆k)
Iōng(gì-tă hĭ-gĭng-sṳ̆k)
Hók (nguòng-só)(lū-só)
Neon(hĭ-iū ké-tā̤)
Năk(giĕng-gĭng-sṳ̆k)
Mī (gĭng-sṳ̆k)(giĕng-tū gĭng-sṳ̆k)
Lé̤ṳ(bìng-gĭng-sṳ̆k)
Sĭk (nguòng-só)(lôi-gĭng-sṳ̆k)
Lìng (nguòng-só)(gì-tă hĭ-gĭng-sṳ̆k)
Liù-uòng(gì-tă hĭ-gĭng-sṳ̆k)
Lṳ̆k (nguòng-só)(lū-só)
Ā (nguòng-só)(hĭ-iū ké-tā̤)
Gák (gĭng-sṳ̆k)(giĕng-gĭng-sṳ̆k)
Gái (gĭng-sṳ̆k)(giĕng-tū gĭng-sṳ̆k)
Scandium(guó-dô gĭng-sṳ̆k)
Titanium(guó-dô gĭng-sṳ̆k)
Vanadium(guó-dô gĭng-sṳ̆k)
Gáuk (gĭng-sṳ̆k)(guó-dô gĭng-sṳ̆k)
Mâing (gĭng-sṳ̆k)(guó-dô gĭng-sṳ̆k)
Tiék(guó-dô gĭng-sṳ̆k)
Gū (gĭng-sṳ̆k)(guó-dô gĭng-sṳ̆k)
Ngiĕk(guó-dô gĭng-sṳ̆k)
Dè̤ng(guó-dô gĭng-sṳ̆k)
Ā-iòng(guó-dô gĭng-sṳ̆k)
Gallium(bìng-gĭng-sṳ̆k)
Germanium(lôi-gĭng-sṳ̆k)
Piĕ (nguòng-só)(lôi-gĭng-sṳ̆k)
Să̤ (gó-tā̤)(gì-tă hĭ-gĭng-sṳ̆k)
Chéu (nguòng-só)(lū-só)
Káik (nguòng-só)(hĭ-iū ké-tā̤)
Rubidium(giĕng-gĭng-sṳ̆k)
Strontium(giĕng-tū gĭng-sṳ̆k)
Yttrium(guó-dô gĭng-sṳ̆k)
Zirconium(guó-dô gĭng-sṳ̆k)
Niobium(guó-dô gĭng-sṳ̆k)
Mŭk (gĭng-sṳ̆k)(guó-dô gĭng-sṳ̆k)
Technetium(guó-dô gĭng-sṳ̆k)
Ruthenium(guó-dô gĭng-sṳ̆k)
Rhodium(guó-dô gĭng-sṳ̆k)
Bă (gĭng-sṳ̆k)(guó-dô gĭng-sṳ̆k)
Ngṳ̀ng(guó-dô gĭng-sṳ̆k)
Gáik (gĭng-sṳ̆k)(guó-dô gĭng-sṳ̆k)
Indium(bìng-gĭng-sṳ̆k)
Sék(bìng-gĭng-sṳ̆k)
Dà̤ (gĭng-sṳ̆k)(lôi-gĭng-sṳ̆k)
Dá̤ (nguòng-só)(lôi-gĭng-sṳ̆k)
Diēng(lū-só)
Să̤ (ké-tā̤)(hĭ-iū ké-tā̤)
Caesium(giĕng-gĭng-sṳ̆k)
Barium(giĕng-tū gĭng-sṳ̆k)
Lanthanum(lanthanum-hiê)
Cerium(lanthanum-hiê)
Praseodymium(lanthanum-hiê)
Neodymium(lanthanum-hiê)
Promethium(lanthanum-hiê)
Samarium(lanthanum-hiê)
Europium(lanthanum-hiê)
Gadolinium(lanthanum-hiê)
Terbium(lanthanum-hiê)
Dysprosium(lanthanum-hiê)
Holmium(lanthanum-hiê)
Erbium(lanthanum-hiê)
Thulium(lanthanum-hiê)
Ytterbium(lanthanum-hiê)
Lutetium(lanthanum-hiê)
Hafnium(guó-dô gĭng-sṳ̆k)
Tantalum(guó-dô gĭng-sṳ̆k)
Ŭ (gĭng-sṳ̆k)(guó-dô gĭng-sṳ̆k)
Rhenium(guó-dô gĭng-sṳ̆k)
Osmium(guó-dô gĭng-sṳ̆k)
Iridium(guó-dô gĭng-sṳ̆k)
Băh-gĭng(guó-dô gĭng-sṳ̆k)
Gĭng(guó-dô gĭng-sṳ̆k)
Cūi-ngṳ̀ng(guó-dô gĭng-sṳ̆k)
Thallium(bìng-gĭng-sṳ̆k)
Iòng (gĭng-sṳ̆k)(bìng-gĭng-sṳ̆k)
Bék (gĭng-sṳ̆k)(bìng-gĭng-sṳ̆k)
Polonium(bìng-gĭng-sṳ̆k)
Astatine(lū-só)
Radon(hĭ-iū ké-tā̤)
Francium(giĕng-gĭng-sṳ̆k)
Lòi (gĭng-sṳ̆k)(giĕng-tū gĭng-sṳ̆k)
Actinium(actinium-hiê)
Thorium(actinium-hiê)
Protactinium(actinium-hiê)
Iù (gĭng-sṳ̆k)(actinium-hiê)
Neptunium(actinium-hiê)
Plutonium(actinium-hiê)
Americium(actinium-hiê)
Curium(actinium-hiê)
Berkelium(actinium-hiê)
Californium(actinium-hiê)
Einsteinium(actinium-hiê)
Fermium(actinium-hiê)
Mendelevium(actinium-hiê)
Nobelium(actinium-hiê)
Lawrencium(actinium-hiê)
Rutherfordium(guó-dô gĭng-sṳ̆k)
Dubnium(guó-dô gĭng-sṳ̆k)
Seaborgium(guó-dô gĭng-sṳ̆k)
Bohrium(guó-dô gĭng-sṳ̆k)
Hassium(guó-dô gĭng-sṳ̆k)
Meitnerium(mâ̤ hiēu dĕk-séng)
Darmstadtium(mâ̤ hiēu dĕk-séng)
Roentgenium(mâ̤ hiēu dĕk-séng)
Copernicium(guó-dô gĭng-sṳ̆k)
Nihonium(mâ̤ hiēu dĕk-séng)
Flerovium(bìng-gĭng-sṳ̆k)
Moscovium(mâ̤ hiēu dĕk-séng)
Livermorium(mâ̤ hiēu dĕk-séng)
Tennessine(mâ̤ hiēu dĕk-séng)
Oganesson(mâ̤ hiēu dĕk-séng)
Gali

indi

Tali
Cadimiindisék
ngôi-guăng
silvery lustrous gray
gái-huóng
miàng-cê·hù-hô̤·sê̤ṳ-só indi (indium)·In·49
nguòng-só lôi-biék bìng-gĭng-sṳ̆k
cŭk·ciŭ-gĭ·kṳ̆ 13·5·p
nguòng-cṳ̄-liông 114.818(1)
diêng-cṳ̄ bà̤-buó

[Kr] 4d10 5s2 5p1
2, 8, 18, 18, 3

indi gì diêng cṳ̄ cèng (2, 8, 18, 18, 3)
indi gì diêng cṳ̄ cèng (2, 8, 18, 18, 3)
Lĭk-sṳ̄
huák-hiêng Ferdinand Reich and Hieronymous Theodor Richter(1863 nièng)
hŭng-liê Hieronymous Theodor Richter(1867 nièng)
ŭk-lī séng-cék
ŭk-tái gó-tā̤
mĭk-dô̤ (ciék-gê̤ṳng sék-ŭng)
7.31 g·cm−3
iòng-diēng sèng-âu gì ĭk-tā̤ mĭk-dô̤ 7.02 g·cm−3
iòng-diēng 429.7485 K,156.5985 °C,313.8773 °F
bé-diēng 2345 K,2072 °C,3762 °F
săng-siông-diēng 429.7445 K(157 °C), ~1 kPa
iòng iĕk 3.281 kJ·mol−1
ké-huá iĕk 231.8 kJ·mol−1
bī-iĕk-ṳ̀ng 26.74 J·mol−1·K−1

cĭng-ké-ák

ák/Pa 1 10 100 1 k 10 k 100 k
ŭng/K 1196 1325 1485 1690 1962 2340
nguòng-cṳ̄ séng-cék
iōng-huá-tái 3, 2, 1, −1, −2, −5[1]
((an amphoteric oxide))
diêng-hô-séng 1.78 (Pauling biĕu-dô)
diêng-liê-nèng

dâ̤ 1: {{{1st ionization energy}}} kJ·mol−1
dâ̤ 2: {{{2nd ionization energy}}} kJ·mol−1

dâ̤ 3: {{{3rd ionization energy}}} kJ·mol−1
nguòng-cṳ̄ buáng-géng 167 pm
gê̤ṳng-gá buáng-géng 142±5 pm
Van der Waals buáng-géng 193 pm
gì-tă
cĭng-tā̤ giék-gáiu

tetragonal

indi ô tetragonal cĭng-tā̤ giék-gáiu
Cṳ̀-sê̤ṳ diamagnetic
diêng-cū-lŭk (20 °C)83.7 nΩ·m
iĕk-dô̤-lŭk 81.8 W·m−1·K−1
pàng-dióng hiê-só (25 °C)32.1 µm·m−1·K−1
siăng-sók (20 °C)1215 m·s−1
Young muò-liông 11 GPa
Mohs ngâing-dô̤ 1.2
Brinell ngâing-dô 8.8–10.0 MPa
CAS hô̤ 7440-74-6
có̤i ūng-diâng gì dùng-ôi-só


dùng-ôi-só hŭng-dô buáng-sŏi-gĭ huŏng-sék nèng-liôngMeV sāng-ŭk
113In 4.29% (SF) <24.281
115In 95.71% 4.41×1014 y β 0.495 115Sn
Decay modes in parentheses are predicted, but have not yet been observed

Indium sê siŏh cṳ̄ng gĭng-sṳ̆k, iâ sê siŏh cṳ̄ng huá-hŏk nguòng-só. Nguòng-cṳ̄ sê̤ṳ-só sê 49, huá-hŏk hù-hô̤ sê In.

Huá-hŏk séng-cék

Éng-ê̤ṳng

Cié-chṳ̄

Chăng-kō̤ cṳ̆-lâiu

  1. Guloy, A. M.; Corbett, J. D. Synthesis, Structure, and Bonding of Two Lanthanum Indium Germanides with Novel Structures and Properties. Inorganic Chemistry. 1996, 35 (9): 2616–22. doi:10.1021/ic951378e.