「Káik (nguòng-só)」調整以後𣍐蜀樣其地方

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{{Infobox element
[[File:Krypton discharge tube.jpg|thumb|right|200px|Káik]]
|number=36
|symbol=Kr
|name=krypton
|enname=krypton
|laname=krypton
|left=[[Chéu (nguòng-só)|Chéu]]
|right=[[rubidium|Rubidi]]
|above=[[argon]]
|below=[[Xenon]]
|series=hĭ-iū ké-tā̤
|group=18
|period=4
|block=p
|appearance=colorless gas, exhibiting a whitish glow in a high electric field
|image name=Krypton discharge tube.jpg
|image name comment=A krypton-filled [[Gas-filled tube|discharge]] tube glowing white
|image name 2=Krypton Spectrum.jpg
|image name 2 comment=Spectral lines of krypton
|atomic mass=83.798
|atomic mass ref=<ref name="IUPAC">[http://www.ciaaw.org/atomic-weights.htm Standard Atomic Weights 2013]. [[Commission on Isotopic Abundances and Atomic Weights]]</ref>
|atomic mass 2=2
|atomic mass comment=
|electron configuration= &#91;[[argon|Ar]]&#93; 3d<sup>10</sup> 4s<sup>2</sup> 4p<sup>6</sup>
|electrons per shell=2, 8, 18, 8
|phase=ké-tā̤
|density gplstp=3.749
|density gpcm3bp=2.413
|density gpcm3bp ref=<ref>[http://encyclopedia.airliquide.com/Encyclopedia.asp?LanguageID=11&CountryID=19&Formula=&GasID=40&UNNumber=&EquivGasID=46&VolLiquideBox=&MasseLiquideBox=&VolGasBox=&MasseGasBox=&RD20=29&RD9=8&RD6=64&RD4=2&RD3=22&RD8=27&RD2=20&RD18=41&RD7=18&RD13=71&RD16=35&RD12=31&RD19=34&RD24=62&RD25=77&RD26=78&RD28=81&RD29=82 Krypton]. encyclopedia.airliquide.com</ref>
|melting point K=115.78
|melting point C=−157.37
|melting point F=−251.27
|boiling point K=119.93
|boiling point C=−153.415
|boiling point F=−244.147
|triple point K=115.775
|triple point kPa=73.53
|triple point ref=<ref>{{cite book | title=CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics | edition=85th | publisher=CRC Press | date=2005 | location=Boca Raton, Florida | chapter=Section 4, Properties of the Elements and Inorganic Compounds; Melting, boiling, triple, and critical temperatures of the elements}}</ref><ref name=b92/>
|critical point K=209.48
|critical point MPa=5.525
|critical point ref=<ref name=b92>{{RubberBible92nd|page=4.121}}</ref>
|heat fusion=1.64
|heat vaporization=9.08
|heat capacity=20.95<ref>Shuen-Chen Hwang, Robert D. Lein, Daniel A. Morgan (2005). "Noble Gases". Kirk Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology. Wiley. pp. 343–383. doi:10.1002/0471238961.0701190508230114.a01.</ref>
|vapor pressure 1=59
|vapor pressure 10=65
|vapor pressure 100=74
|vapor pressure 1 k=84
|vapor pressure 10 k=99
|vapor pressure 100 k=120
|vapor pressure comment=
|crystal structure=face-centered cubic
|oxidation states=2, 1, '''0'''
|oxidation states comment=(rarely more than 0; unknown [[oxide]])
|electronegativity=3.00
|number of ionization energies=3
|ionization energy 1=1350.8
|ionization energy 2=2350.4
|ionization energy 3=3565
|covalent radius=116±4
|Van der Waals radius=202
|magnetic ordering= [[diamagnetic]]<ref>[http://www-d0.fnal.gov/hardware/cal/lvps_info/engineering/elementmagn.pdf Magnetic susceptibility of the elements and inorganic compounds], in {{cite book | editor=Lide, D. R. | title=CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics | edition=86th | location=Boca Raton (FL) | publisher=CRC Press | year=2005 | isbn=0-8493-0486-5 }}</ref>
|thermal conductivity=9.43×10<sup>−3</sup>&nbsp;
|speed of sound=(gas, 23&nbsp;°C) 220 m·s<sup>−1</sup><br/>(liquid) 1120
|CAS number=7439-90-9
|isotopes=
{{infobox element/isotopes decay| mn=78 | sym=Kr | na=0.35% | hl=>1.1×10<sup>20</sup>&nbsp;y | dm=([[double beta decay|β<sup>+</sup>β<sup>+</sup>]]) | de=2.846 |link1=selenium-78 | pn=78 | ps=Se}}
{{infobox element/isotopes decay3 | mn=79 | sym=Kr | na=[[synthetic radioisotope|syn]] | hl=35.04&nbsp;h
| dm1=[[electron capture|ε]] | de1=– |link1=bromine-79 | pn1=79 | ps1=Br
| dm2=[[positron emission|β<sup>+</sup>]] | de2=0.604 | pn2=79 | ps2=Br
| dm3=[[gamma radiation|γ]] | de3=0.26, 0.39, 0.60 | pn3= | ps3=–}}
{{Infobox element/isotopes stable | mn=80 | sym=Kr | na=2.25% | n=44 |firstlinks=yes}}
{{infobox element/isotopes decay2 | mn=81 | sym=Kr | na=[[trace radioisotope|trace]] | hl=2.29×10<sup>5</sup>&nbsp;y | dm1=ε | de1=– | link1=bromine-81 | pn1=81 | ps1=Br | dm2=γ | de2=0.281 | pn2= | ps2=–}}
{{Infobox element/isotopes stable | mn=82 | sym=Kr | na=11.6% | n=46 |firstlinks=no}}
{{Infobox element/isotopes stable | mn=83 | sym=Kr | na=11.5% | n=47 |firstlinks=no}}
{{Infobox element/isotopes stable | mn=84 | sym=Kr | na=57.0% | n=48 |firstlinks=no}}
{{infobox element/isotopes decay | link=krypton-85 | mn=85 | sym=Kr | na=syn | hl=10.756&nbsp;y | dm=[[beta emission|β<sup>−</sup>]] | de=0.687 | link1=rubidium-85 | pn=85 | ps=Rb}}
{{infobox element/isotopes decay | mn=86 | sym=Kr | na=17.3% | hl=– | dm=([[double beta decay|β<sup>−</sup>β<sup>−</sup>]]) | de=1.2556 | link1=strontium-86 | pn=86 | ps=Sr }}
|isotopes comment=Decay modes in parentheses are predicted, but have not yet been observed
|discovery and first isolation by=[[William Ramsay]] and [[Morris Travers]]
|discovery date=1898
}}
'''Káik''' (氪) sê siŏh cṳ̄ng sê siŏh cṳ̄ng [[hĭ-iū ké-tā̤]] [[huá-hŏk nguòng-só|nguòng-só]]. [[Nguòng-cṳ̄ sê̤ṳ-só]] sê 36, huá-hŏk hù-hô̤ sê Kr.
'''Káik''' (氪) sê siŏh cṳ̄ng sê siŏh cṳ̄ng [[hĭ-iū ké-tā̤]] [[huá-hŏk nguòng-só|nguòng-só]]. [[Nguòng-cṳ̄ sê̤ṳ-só]] sê 36, huá-hŏk hù-hô̤ sê Kr.


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==Cié-chṳ̄==
==Cié-chṳ̄==

==Chăng-kō̤ cṳ̆-lâiu==
{{reflist}}


{{Ciŭ-gĭ-biēu}}
{{Ciŭ-gĭ-biēu}}

2018 nièng 6 nguŏk 3 hô̤ (LB) 06:23 gì bēng-buōng

krypton   36Kr
Kĭng(gì-tă hĭ-gĭng-sṳ̆k)
Hâi(hĭ-iū ké-tā̤)
Lī (gĭng-sṳ̆k)(giĕng-gĭng-sṳ̆k)
Pì (gĭng-sṳ̆k)(giĕng-tū gĭng-sṳ̆k)
Bèng(lôi-gĭng-sṳ̆k)
Táng(gì-tă hĭ-gĭng-sṳ̆k)
Dâng(gì-tă hĭ-gĭng-sṳ̆k)
Iōng(gì-tă hĭ-gĭng-sṳ̆k)
Hók (nguòng-só)(lū-só)
Neon(hĭ-iū ké-tā̤)
Năk(giĕng-gĭng-sṳ̆k)
Mī (gĭng-sṳ̆k)(giĕng-tū gĭng-sṳ̆k)
Lé̤ṳ(bìng-gĭng-sṳ̆k)
Sĭk (nguòng-só)(lôi-gĭng-sṳ̆k)
Lìng (nguòng-só)(gì-tă hĭ-gĭng-sṳ̆k)
Liù-uòng(gì-tă hĭ-gĭng-sṳ̆k)
Lṳ̆k (nguòng-só)(lū-só)
Ā (nguòng-só)(hĭ-iū ké-tā̤)
Gák (gĭng-sṳ̆k)(giĕng-gĭng-sṳ̆k)
Gái (gĭng-sṳ̆k)(giĕng-tū gĭng-sṳ̆k)
Scandium(guó-dô gĭng-sṳ̆k)
Titanium(guó-dô gĭng-sṳ̆k)
Vanadium(guó-dô gĭng-sṳ̆k)
Gáuk (gĭng-sṳ̆k)(guó-dô gĭng-sṳ̆k)
Mâing (gĭng-sṳ̆k)(guó-dô gĭng-sṳ̆k)
Tiék(guó-dô gĭng-sṳ̆k)
Gū (gĭng-sṳ̆k)(guó-dô gĭng-sṳ̆k)
Ngiĕk(guó-dô gĭng-sṳ̆k)
Dè̤ng(guó-dô gĭng-sṳ̆k)
Ā-iòng(guó-dô gĭng-sṳ̆k)
Gallium(bìng-gĭng-sṳ̆k)
Germanium(lôi-gĭng-sṳ̆k)
Piĕ (nguòng-só)(lôi-gĭng-sṳ̆k)
Să̤ (gó-tā̤)(gì-tă hĭ-gĭng-sṳ̆k)
Chéu (nguòng-só)(lū-só)
Káik (nguòng-só)(hĭ-iū ké-tā̤)
Rubidium(giĕng-gĭng-sṳ̆k)
Strontium(giĕng-tū gĭng-sṳ̆k)
Yttrium(guó-dô gĭng-sṳ̆k)
Zirconium(guó-dô gĭng-sṳ̆k)
Niobium(guó-dô gĭng-sṳ̆k)
Mŭk (gĭng-sṳ̆k)(guó-dô gĭng-sṳ̆k)
Technetium(guó-dô gĭng-sṳ̆k)
Ruthenium(guó-dô gĭng-sṳ̆k)
Rhodium(guó-dô gĭng-sṳ̆k)
Bă (gĭng-sṳ̆k)(guó-dô gĭng-sṳ̆k)
Ngṳ̀ng(guó-dô gĭng-sṳ̆k)
Gáik (gĭng-sṳ̆k)(guó-dô gĭng-sṳ̆k)
Indium(bìng-gĭng-sṳ̆k)
Sék(bìng-gĭng-sṳ̆k)
Dà̤ (gĭng-sṳ̆k)(lôi-gĭng-sṳ̆k)
Dá̤ (nguòng-só)(lôi-gĭng-sṳ̆k)
Diēng(lū-só)
Să̤ (ké-tā̤)(hĭ-iū ké-tā̤)
Caesium(giĕng-gĭng-sṳ̆k)
Barium(giĕng-tū gĭng-sṳ̆k)
Lanthanum(lanthanum-hiê)
Cerium(lanthanum-hiê)
Praseodymium(lanthanum-hiê)
Neodymium(lanthanum-hiê)
Promethium(lanthanum-hiê)
Samarium(lanthanum-hiê)
Europium(lanthanum-hiê)
Gadolinium(lanthanum-hiê)
Terbium(lanthanum-hiê)
Dysprosium(lanthanum-hiê)
Holmium(lanthanum-hiê)
Erbium(lanthanum-hiê)
Thulium(lanthanum-hiê)
Ytterbium(lanthanum-hiê)
Lutetium(lanthanum-hiê)
Hafnium(guó-dô gĭng-sṳ̆k)
Tantalum(guó-dô gĭng-sṳ̆k)
Ŭ (gĭng-sṳ̆k)(guó-dô gĭng-sṳ̆k)
Rhenium(guó-dô gĭng-sṳ̆k)
Osmium(guó-dô gĭng-sṳ̆k)
Iridium(guó-dô gĭng-sṳ̆k)
Băh-gĭng(guó-dô gĭng-sṳ̆k)
Gĭng(guó-dô gĭng-sṳ̆k)
Cūi-ngṳ̀ng(guó-dô gĭng-sṳ̆k)
Thallium(bìng-gĭng-sṳ̆k)
Iòng (gĭng-sṳ̆k)(bìng-gĭng-sṳ̆k)
Bék (gĭng-sṳ̆k)(bìng-gĭng-sṳ̆k)
Polonium(bìng-gĭng-sṳ̆k)
Astatine(lū-só)
Radon(hĭ-iū ké-tā̤)
Francium(giĕng-gĭng-sṳ̆k)
Lòi (gĭng-sṳ̆k)(giĕng-tū gĭng-sṳ̆k)
Actinium(actinium-hiê)
Thorium(actinium-hiê)
Protactinium(actinium-hiê)
Iù (gĭng-sṳ̆k)(actinium-hiê)
Neptunium(actinium-hiê)
Plutonium(actinium-hiê)
Americium(actinium-hiê)
Curium(actinium-hiê)
Berkelium(actinium-hiê)
Californium(actinium-hiê)
Einsteinium(actinium-hiê)
Fermium(actinium-hiê)
Mendelevium(actinium-hiê)
Nobelium(actinium-hiê)
Lawrencium(actinium-hiê)
Rutherfordium(guó-dô gĭng-sṳ̆k)
Dubnium(guó-dô gĭng-sṳ̆k)
Seaborgium(guó-dô gĭng-sṳ̆k)
Bohrium(guó-dô gĭng-sṳ̆k)
Hassium(guó-dô gĭng-sṳ̆k)
Meitnerium(mâ̤ hiēu dĕk-séng)
Darmstadtium(mâ̤ hiēu dĕk-séng)
Roentgenium(mâ̤ hiēu dĕk-séng)
Copernicium(guó-dô gĭng-sṳ̆k)
Nihonium(mâ̤ hiēu dĕk-séng)
Flerovium(bìng-gĭng-sṳ̆k)
Moscovium(mâ̤ hiēu dĕk-séng)
Livermorium(mâ̤ hiēu dĕk-séng)
Tennessine(mâ̤ hiēu dĕk-séng)
Oganesson(mâ̤ hiēu dĕk-séng)
argon

krypton

Xenon
ChéukryptonRubidi
ngôi-guăng
colorless gas, exhibiting a whitish glow in a high electric field

A krypton-filled discharge tube glowing white

Spectral lines of krypton
gái-huóng
miàng-cê·hù-hô̤·sê̤ṳ-só krypton (krypton)·Kr·36
nguòng-só lôi-biék hĭ-iū ké-tā̤
cŭk·ciŭ-gĭ·kṳ̆ 18·4·p
nguòng-cṳ̄-liông 83.798(2)
diêng-cṳ̄ bà̤-buó

[Ar] 3d10 4s2 4p6
2, 8, 18, 8

krypton gì diêng cṳ̄ cèng (2, 8, 18, 8)
krypton gì diêng cṳ̄ cèng (2, 8, 18, 8)
Lĭk-sṳ̄
ŭk-lī séng-cék
ŭk-tái ké-tā̤
mĭk-dô̤ (0 °C, 101.325 kPa)
3.749 g/L
bé-diēng sèng-âu gì ĭk-tā̤ mĭk-dô̤ 2.413 g·cm−3
iòng-diēng 115.78 K,−157.37 °C,−251.27 °F
bé-diēng 119.93 K,−153.415 °C,−244.147 °F
săng-siông-diēng 115.775 K(-157 °C), 73.53 kPa
lìng-gái-diēng 209.48 K, 5.525 MPa
iòng iĕk 1.64 kJ·mol−1
ké-huá iĕk 9.08 kJ·mol−1
bī-iĕk-ṳ̀ng 20.95[1] J·mol−1·K−1

cĭng-ké-ák

ák/Pa 1 10 100 1 k 10 k 100 k
ŭng/K 59 65 74 84 99 120
nguòng-cṳ̄ séng-cék
iōng-huá-tái 2, 1, 0
((rarely more than 0; unknown oxide))
diêng-hô-séng 3.00 (Pauling biĕu-dô)
diêng-liê-nèng

dâ̤ 1: {{{1st ionization energy}}} kJ·mol−1
dâ̤ 2: {{{2nd ionization energy}}} kJ·mol−1

dâ̤ 3: {{{3rd ionization energy}}} kJ·mol−1
gê̤ṳng-gá buáng-géng 116±4 pm
Van der Waals buáng-géng 202 pm
gì-tă
cĭng-tā̤ giék-gáiu

face-centered cubic

krypton ô face-centered cubic cĭng-tā̤ giék-gáiu
Cṳ̀-sê̤ṳ diamagnetic[2]
iĕk-dô̤-lŭk 9.43×10−3  W·m−1·K−1
siăng-sók (gas, 23 °C) 220 m·s−1
(liquid) 1120 m·s−1
CAS hô̤ 7439-90-9
có̤i ūng-diâng gì dùng-ôi-só


dùng-ôi-só hŭng-dô buáng-sŏi-gĭ huŏng-sék nèng-liôngMeV sāng-ŭk
78Kr 0.35% >1.1×1020 y (β+β+) 2.846 78Se
79Kr syn 35.04 h ε 79Br
β+ 0.604 79Br
γ 0.26, 0.39, 0.60
80Kr 2.25% ūng-dêng, dái 44 ciáh dṳ̆ng-cṳ̄
81Kr trace 2.29×105 y ε 81Br
γ 0.281
82Kr 11.6% ūng-dêng, dái 46 ciáh dṳ̆ng-cṳ̄
83Kr 11.5% ūng-dêng, dái 47 ciáh dṳ̆ng-cṳ̄
84Kr 57.0% ūng-dêng, dái 48 ciáh dṳ̆ng-cṳ̄
85Kr syn 10.756 y β 0.687 85Rb
86Kr 17.3% (ββ) 1.2556 86Sr
Decay modes in parentheses are predicted, but have not yet been observed

Káik (氪) sê siŏh cṳ̄ng sê siŏh cṳ̄ng hĭ-iū ké-tā̤ nguòng-só. Nguòng-cṳ̄ sê̤ṳ-só sê 36, huá-hŏk hù-hô̤ sê Kr.

Huá-hŏk séng-cék

Éng-ê̤ṳng

Cié-chṳ̄

Chăng-kō̤ cṳ̆-lâiu

  1. Shuen-Chen Hwang, Robert D. Lein, Daniel A. Morgan (2005). "Noble Gases". Kirk Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology. Wiley. pp. 343–383. doi:10.1002/0471238961.0701190508230114.a01.
  2. Magnetic susceptibility of the elements and inorganic compounds, in Lide, D. R. (piĕng). CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics 86th. Boca Raton (FL): CRC Press. 2005. ISBN 0-8493-0486-5.