模板:Citation
模板:For2 模板:High-risk 模板:Citation Style documentation/lua The Citation template generates a citation for a book, periodical, contribution in a collective work, or a web page. It determines the citation type by examining which parameters are used. As with other citation templates, this template can be used either in a footnote (between @Ref: tags) or in a section that lists sources. This template uses the same Lua code as citation style 1 (CS1) templates with parameters to change the displayed format to citation style 2 (CS2).
If the correct parameters are used, this template produces output identical to that of the Cite templates, such as {{Cite book}} and {{Cite web}}, with one important exception: By default, this Citation template uses commas in places where the Cite templates use periods (full stops) by default; either type of template can use periods (full stops) or commas by using an optional parameter. Also, this template by default generates anchors for Harvard references whereas the Cite templates by default do not (although they can be made to do so).
Regardless of which citation templates are used or even if none are used at all, all citations should have the same format throughout an article in the saved, rendered text.
Note: All parameter names must be lowercase.
Simple citations
[Gāi nguòng-mā]This section covers the most commonly used parameters. You can copy the horizontal form or vertical form below and then add in extra parameters from the full list. Spacing and ordering of the parameters within the template is irrelevant and does not affect the final, rendered text.
{{Citation |last= |first= |year= |title= |publisher= |publication-place= |page= |url= |accessdate= }}
{{Citation | last = | first = | year = | title = | publisher = | publication-place = | page = | url = | accessdate = }} |
- last: The author's surname or last name. Don't use with the author parameter.
- first: The author's first or given name(s).
- year: Year of authorship or publication. Mandatory for use with links from Template:Harvard citation, unless
|date=
specifies both month and year. - title: Title of the work. Mandatory for web references.
- publisher: The name of the publisher. Omit terms such as Publishers, Co., Inc., Ltd., etc., but retain the words Books or Press. Not normally included where the publication is a periodical which has its own Wikipedia article (e.g. Newsweek, Billboard).
- publication-place (or place or location): The city of publication. If more than one town/city is listed on the title page, give the first one or the location of the publisher's head office. Omit when the publication is a periodical whose name specifies the location (e.g. The New York Times, The Times of India)
- page: For use when one page is cited. Adds "p." before the page number. Do not use with pages.
- url: A url of an online location where the item can be found. If the url includes double quotes, these must be encoded as "%22".
- accessdate: Date[n 1] when the url was accessed.
Example
[Gāi nguòng-mā]{{Citation | last = Turner | first = Orsamus | title = History of the pioneer settlement of Phelps and Gorham's purchase, and Morris' reserve | publisher = William Alling | place = Rochester, New York | year = 1851 | ol = 7120924W }} |
Turner, Orsamus. History of the pioneer settlement of Phelps and Gorham's purchase, and Morris' reserve. Rochester, New York: William Alling. 1851. OL 7120924W. |
Full citation parameters
[Gāi nguòng-mā]These can be used for all types of publication. All are optional and indentation is used simply to group related items — these may be mutually exclusive where indicated. Some hyphenated names can also be placed without hyphens.
{{Citation | author = | last = | first = | author2 = | last2 = | first2 = | author-link = | author2-link = | author-separator = | author-name-separator = | author-mask = | display-authors = | editor = | editor-last = | editor-first = | editor2 = | editor2-last = | editor2-first = | editor-link = | editor2-link = | translator-last = | translator-first = | translator-link = | translator2-last = | translator2-first = | translator2-link = | others = | publication-date = | date = | year = | origyear = | title = | chapter = | chapter-url = | chapter-format = | contribution = | contribution-url = | type = | journal = | periodical = | newspaper = | magazine = | encyclopedia = | work = | edition = | series = | volume = | issue = | publisher = | publication-place = | place = | language = | page = | pages = | nopp = | at = | id = | isbn = | issn = | oclc = | pmid = | pmc = | bibcode = | doi = | doi-inactive-date= | zbl = | url = | accessdate = | format = | archiveurl = | archivedate = | dead-url = | quote = | layurl = | laysource = | laydate = | separator = | postscript = | ref = }} |
Parameters
[Gāi nguòng-mā]Syntax
[Gāi nguòng-mā]模板:Citation Style documentation/syntax
模板:Citation Style documentation/sep comma
COinS
[Gāi nguòng-mā]模板:Citation Style documentation/coins
Deprecated
[Gāi nguòng-mā]模板:Citation Style documentation/deprecated
Description
[Gāi nguòng-mā]Authors
[Gāi nguòng-mā]模板:Citation Style documentation/author
Editors
[Gāi nguòng-mā]模板:Citation Style documentation/editor
Title
[Gāi nguòng-mā]模板:Citation Style documentation/title 模板:Citation Style documentation/chapter 模板:Citation Style documentation/type 模板:Citation Style documentation/language
Date
[Gāi nguòng-mā]模板:Citation Style documentation/date
Periodical
[Gāi nguòng-mā]模板:Citation Style documentation/journal
Publisher
[Gāi nguòng-mā]模板:Citation Style documentation/publisher
Edition, series, volume
[Gāi nguòng-mā]模板:Citation Style documentation/edition 模板:Citation Style documentation/series 模板:Citation Style documentation/volume
In-source locations
[Gāi nguòng-mā]模板:Citation Style documentation/pages
URL
[Gāi nguòng-mā]模板:Citation Style documentation/url
Chapter URL
[Gāi nguòng-mā]模板:Citation Style documentation/chapterurl
Anchor
[Gāi nguòng-mā]模板:Citation Style documentation/ref2
Identifiers
[Gāi nguòng-mā]模板:Citation Style documentation/id1 模板:Citation Style documentation/id2
Quote
[Gāi nguòng-mā]模板:Citation Style documentation/quote
Laysummary
[Gāi nguòng-mā]模板:Citation Style documentation/lay
Display options
[Gāi nguòng-mā]模板:Citation Style documentation/display
Subscription or registration required
[Gāi nguòng-mā]模板:Citation Style documentation/registration
Examples
[Gāi nguòng-mā]Books
[Gāi nguòng-mā]Three authors, a volume, and an edition. Ampersand (&) forced before final author's name. | {{Citation | last1 = Lincoln | first1 = A. | last2 = Washington | first2 = G. | last3 = Adams | first3 = J. | lastauthoramp = yes | title = All the Presidents' Names | publisher = The Pentagon | place = Home Base, New York | volume = XII | edition = 2nd | year = 2007 }} |
Lincoln, A.; Washington, G. & Adams, J. All the Presidents' Names XII 2nd. Home Base, New York: The Pentagon. 2007. |
Web
[Gāi nguòng-mā]Web page | {{Citation | url = http://nrhp.focus.nps.gov/ | title = NPS Focus | work = National Register of Historic Places | publisher = [[National Park Service]] | accessdate = November 30, 2010 | ref = none }} |
NPS Focus. National Register of Historic Places (National Park Service). [November 30, 2010]. |
Archived page | {{Citation | url = http://liftoff.msfc.nasa.gov/academy/space/atmosphere.html | title = Earth's Atmosphere | accessdate = October 25, 2007 | publisher = [[National Aeronautics and Space Administration]] | year = 1995 | author = NASA | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20071013232332/http:// liftoff.msfc.nasa.gov/academy/space/atmosphere.html | archivedate = October 13, 2007 }} |
NASA. Earth's Atmosphere. National Aeronautics and Space Administration. 1995 [October 25, 2007]. (nguòng-sṳ̄ nô̤i-ṳ̀ng còng-dŏng diŏh October 13, 2007). |
Journals, newspapers, magazines, or other periodicals
[Gāi nguòng-mā]Journal article | {{Citation | last = Hill | first = Marvin S. | title = Joseph Smith and the 1826 Trial: New Evidence and New Difficulties | journal = BYU Studies | volume = 12 | issue = 2 | year = 1976 | pages = 1–8 | url = https://byustudies.byu.edu/shop/PDFSRC/12.2Hill.pdf }} |
Hill, Marvin S. Joseph Smith and the 1826 Trial: New Evidence and New Difficulties. BYU Studies. 1976, 12 (2): 1–8. |
Journal article with multiple authors and identifier | {{Citation | last1 = Mandelkern | first1 = M, | last2 = Elias | first2 = J, | last3 = Eden | first3 = D, | last4 = Crothers | first4 = D | display-authors = 2 | title = The dimensions of DNA in solution | journal = J Mol Biol | volume = 152 | issue = 1 | pages = 153–161 | year = 1981 | pmid = 7338906 | doi = 10.1016/0022-2836(81)90099-1 }} |
Mandelkern, M,; Elias, J, et al. The dimensions of DNA in solution. J Mol Biol. 1981, 152 (1): 153–161. PMID 7338906. doi:10.1016/0022-2836(81)90099-1. |
Newspaper article | {{Citation | last = Smith | first = Joseph III | author-link = Joseph Smith III | title = Last Testimony of Sister Emma | newspaper = The Saints' Herald | publication-place = Plano, IL | volume = 26 | issue = 19 | date = October 1, 1879 | page = 289 | url = http://www.sidneyrigdon.com/dbroadhu/ IL/sain1872.htm#100179 }} |
Smith, Joseph III. Last Testimony of Sister Emma. The Saints' Herald (Plano, IL). October 1, 1879, 26 (19): 289. |
Conference papers and public lectures
[Gāi nguòng-mā]Conference paper | {{Citation | last = Sullivan | first = D.B. | contribution = Time and frequency measurement at NIST: The first 100 years | year = 2001 | title = 2001 IEEE Int'l Frequency Control Symp. | publisher = National Institute of Standards and Technology | contribution-url = http://tf.nist.gov/timefreq/general/pdf/1485.pdf | chapter-format = PDF }} |
Sullivan, D.B. Time and frequency measurement at NIST: The first 100 years//2001 IEEE Int'l Frequency Control Symp. National Institute of Standards and Technology. 2001. 已經忽略未知參數|chapter-format= (幫助)
|
Lecture | {{Citation | last = Habicht | first = Christian | contribution = Hellenistic Athens and her Philosophers | year = 1988 | title = David Magie Lecture, Princeton University Program in the History, Archaeology, and Religions of the Ancient World | publisher = Princeton University | page=14 }} |
Habicht, Christian. Hellenistic Athens and her Philosophers//David Magie Lecture, Princeton University Program in the History, Archaeology, and Religions of the Ancient World. Princeton University. 14. 1988. |
Parts of books, including encyclopedia articles
[Gāi nguòng-mā]Manuscript published in an edited compilation | {{Citation | last = Bidamon | first = Emma Smith | author-link = Emma Hale Smith | chapter = Letter to Emma S. Pilgrim | date = March 27, 1876 | editor-last = Vogel | editor-first = Dan | title = Early Mormon Documents | volume = 1 | publisher = Signature Books | publication-date = 1996 | isbn = 1-56085-072-8 }} |
Bidamon, Emma Smith. Letter to Emma S. Pilgrim//In Vogel, Dan. Early Mormon Documents 1. Signature Books. March 27, 1876 (1996). ISBN 1-56085-072-8. |
Work with an editor but no author | {{Citation | editor-last = Vogel | editor-first = Dan | title = Early Mormon Documents | volume = 1 | publisher = Signature Books | publication-date = 1996 | isbn = 1-56085-072-8 }} |
Vogel, Dan (piĕng). Early Mormon Documents 1. Signature Books. 1996. ISBN 1-56085-072-8. |
Encyclopedia article by a named author | {{Citation | last = Kramer | first = Martin | author-link = Martin Kramer | year=1999 | title = Bernard Lewis | editor-last = Boyd | editor-first = Kelley | encyclopedia = Encyclopedia of Historians and Historical Writing | volume = 1 | pages = 719–720 | location = London | publisher = Fitzroy Dearborn | url = http://www.geocities.com/martinkramerorg/BernardLewis.htm }} |
Kramer, Martin. Bernard Lewis. In Boyd, Kelley. Encyclopedia of Historians and Historical Writing (London: Fitzroy Dearborn). 1999, 1: 719–720. |
Encyclopedia article with no named author | {{Citation | title = Bernard Lewis | editor-last = Boyd | editor-first = Kelley | year = 1999 | encyclopedia = Encyclopedia of Historians and Historical Writing | volume = 1 | pages = 719–720 | publisher = Fitzroy Dearborn | location = London | url = http://www.geocities.com/martinkramerorg/BernardLewis.htm }} |
Bernard Lewis. Boyd, Kelley (piĕng). Encyclopedia of Historians and Historical Writing (London: Fitzroy Dearborn). 1999, 1: 719–720. |
Republications, or edited quotations in a periodical article
[Gāi nguòng-mā]Manuscript edited and published in a journal | {{Citation | last = Knight | first = Joseph, Sr. | year = 1833 | editor-last = Jessee | editor-first = Dean | title = Joseph Knight's Recollection of Early Mormon History | journal = BYU Studies | volume = 17 | issue = 1 | publication-date = 1976 | page = 35 | url = https://byustudies.byu.edu/shop/PDFSRC/17.1Jessee.pdf }} |
Knight, Joseph, Sr. Joseph Knight's Recollection of Early Mormon History. In Jessee, Dean. BYU Studies. 1833, 17 (1): 35 (1976). |
Manuscript written at one date and place, then published in a periodical at a different date and place with commentary by the editor. | {{Citation | last = Klingensmith | first = Philip | type = Affidavit | date = September 5, 1872 | place = Lincoln County, Nevada | title = Mountain Meadows Massacre | editor-last = Toohy | editor-first = Dennis J. | journal = Corinne Daily Reporter | publication-date = September 24, 1872 | publication-place = Corinne, Utah | volume = 5 | issue = 252 | page = 1 | url = http://udn.lib.utah.edu/u?/corinne,5359 }} |
Klingensmith, Philip. Mountain Meadows Massacre. In Toohy, Dennis J. Corinne Daily Reporter, Affidavit (Corinne, Utah) siā diŏh Lincoln County, Nevada. September 5, 1872, 5 (252): 1 (September 24, 1872). |
Press release
[Gāi nguòng-mā]Press release with quotation | {{Citation | url = https://www.apple.com/pr/library/2010/04/05ipad.html | title = Apple Sells Over 300,000 iPads First Day | publisher = Apple Inc | accessdate = April 10, 2010 | quote = in the US as of midnight Saturday, April 3 | ref = none}} |
Apple Sells Over 300,000 iPads First Day. Apple Inc. [April 10, 2010]. "in the US as of midnight Saturday, April 3" |
Anchored citations
[Gāi nguòng-mā]This template can generate a citation that can be combined with shortened footnotes or parenthetical referencing. It does this by creating an HTML anchor containing an ID. The special parameter |ref=harv
generates an ID suitable for Harvard referencing templates such as {{harv}} as specified in the next section; this is the default for the {{citation}} template.
To disable anchor generation, specify |ref=none
(in contrast, other Cite templates such as {{cite book}} and {{cite news}} do not create an anchor by default). You can also specify the ID directly, using the |ref=ID
parameter. For example, suppose an article's References section contains the markup:
{{Citation |author=Sigmund Freud |title=Civilization and Its Discontents |year=1930 |ref=CivDis}}
which generates the citation:
- Sigmund Freud. Civilization and Its Discontents. 1930.
Then, the markup "([[#CivDis|Freud 1930]])
" generates a parenthetical reference "(Freud 1930)" containing a wikilink to the citation (try clicking on the wikilink).
Anchors for Harvard referencing templates
[Gāi nguòng-mā]IDs compatible with Harvard referencing templates such as {{harv}} are computed from the last names of the authors (or editors, if no authors are given) and the year of the cited source. For example, the markup "{{harv|Wright|Evans|1851|p=ix}}
" generates the Harvard reference "(Wright & Evans 1851, p. ix)", which wikilinks to the citation whose markup and appearance are shown below:
{{Citation |last1=Wright |first1=Thomas |last2=Evans |first2=R. H. |title=Historical and Descriptive Account of the Caricatures of James Gillray |location=London |publisher=Henry G. Bohn |year=1851 |oclc=59510372}}
- Wright, Thomas; Evans, R. H. Historical and Descriptive Account of the Caricatures of James Gillray. London: Henry G. Bohn. 1851. OCLC 59510372.
In this example the {{citation}} template defines, and the {{harv}} template uses, the HTML ID "CITEREFWrightEvans1851
", composed by concatenating the string "CITEREF
" with the last names of the authors and the year. The {{harvid}} template can be used to generate such IDs, for example, {{harvid|Wright|Evans|1851}}
generates "CITEREFWrightEvans1851
".
Related methods which leave only a number in the text are to use the {{harvnb}} template enclosed in the <ref></ref> html code, or to use the {{sfn}} template alone. The example above would be <ref>{{harvnb|Wright|Evans|1851|p=ix}}</ref>
or {{sfn|Wright|Evans|1851|p=ix}}
both of which generate a footnote, such as
- 17. Wright & Evans 1851, p. ix
The names of only the first four authors are used; other author names are not concatenated to the ID. If no author names are given, editor names are used instead.
Last names are used, as specified by the parameters |last1=
(or |last=
), |last2=
, |last3=
, and |last4=
, and similarly for |editor1-last=
etc. and for |inventor1-last=
etc. If a full name is given but no last name is specified, this template falls back on the full name, but this usage is not recommended. For example, in "{{Citation | author = Sigmund Freud | title = The Ego and the Id | year = 1923}}
" no last name is given, so this citation cannot be combined with the Harvard reference "{{harv|Freud|1923}}
". To make these {{citation}} and {{harv}} invocations compatible, either replace "|author=Sigmund Freud
" with "|first=Sigmund
|last=Freud
", or add "|ref={{harvid|Freud|1923}}
" to the {{citation}} invocation, or add the same ref parameter (say, "|ref=EgoId
") to both the {{citation}} and the {{harv}} invocations.
Similarly, the year is used, as specified by |year=
. If no year is given, this template attempts to derive the year from |date=
(or, if no date is given, from |publication-date=
) by applying the MediaWiki § Time function. This heuristic works with many common date formats (American, International and ISO 8601 standard format YYYY-MM-DD as listed in WP:MOS), but may not work as expected with other formats, so when in doubt it may be safer to use |year=
. Note that if only a year, say 2005, is known you must use |year=2005
rather than |date=2005
.
IDs must be unique
[Gāi nguòng-mā]Names, years, and hand-specified IDs must be chosen so that the IDs are unique within a page; otherwise the HTML will not conform to the W3C standards, and any references to the citations will not work reliably. For example, suppose a page contains the following two citations with {{harv}}-compatible IDs:
- Montes, G.; Halterman, J. S. Association of Childhood Autism Spectrum Disorders and Loss of Family Income. Pediatrics. 2008a, 121 (4): e821–e826. PMID 18381511. doi:10.1542/peds.2007-1594.
- Montes, G.; Halterman, J. S. Child Care Problems and Employment Among Families with Preschool-aged Children with Autism in the United States. Pediatrics. 2008b, 122 (1): e202–e208. PMID 18595965. doi:10.1542/peds.2007-3037.
If these citations were altered to say "2008" rather than "2008a" and "2008b", the resulting page would not work, because the two different citations would both attempt to use the ID "CITEREFMontesHalterman2008
". To avoid this problem, distinguish the citations by appending suffixes to the years, e.g. "|year=2008a
" and "|year=2008b
", as was done above. Any Harvard references to these citations should use years with the same suffixes.
It is good practice to verify that a page does not contain duplicate IDs by using the W3C Markup Validation Service; see External links.
Dates
[Gāi nguòng-mā]- ↑ The format of dates in the references of an article should use consistent and unambiguous styles. Example formats used in Wikipedia citations include:
- 2009
- 2009-09-14 (ISO 8601 standard format: YYYY-MM-DD)
- 14 September 2009
- September 14, 2009 (with comma)
- September 2009
Tools
[Gāi nguòng-mā]See Wikipedia:Citing sources § Citation templates and tools for a list of tools that can help create a reference in the "citation" format.
TemplateData
[Gāi nguòng-mā]The Citation template generates a citation for a book, periodical, contribution in a collective work, or a web page. It determines the citation type by examining which parameters are used.
參數 | 描述 | 類型 | 狀態 | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Last name | last author author1 authors last1 | The surname of the author; don't wikilink, use 'authorlink'; can suffix with a numeral to add additional authors | 行 | 建議 |
First name | first first1 | Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the author; don't wikilink, use 'authorlink'; can suffix with a numeral to add additional authors | 行 | 建議 |
title of source | title | Title of source; displays in italics (except that article titles are not italicized but enclosed in quotes) | 字串 | 必填 |
date of source | date | Full date of source being referenced in the same format as other publication dates in the citations.[1] Do not wikilink. Displays after the authors and enclosed in parentheses. If there is no author, then displays after publisher. | 字串 | 非必填 |
url of source | url | URL of an online location where the text of the publication can be found. | 字串 | 非必填 |
Work | work journal website newspaper magazine encyclopedia encyclopaedia dictionary mailinglist | Name of the work in which the cited title is found | 字串 | 非必填 |
Volume | volume | For one publication published in several volumes | 行 | 建議 |
Issue | issue number | Issue number | 字串 | 非必填 |
Page | page | Page in the source that supports the content; displays after 'p.' | 行 | 非必填 |
Pages | pages | Pages in the source that support the content (not an indication of the number of pages in the source; displays after 'pp.' | 行 | 建議 |
Publication Date | publication-date | Date of publication when different from the date the work was written. Displays only if year or date are defined and only if different, else publication-date is used and displayed as date. Use the same format as other dates in the article; do not wikilink. Follows publisher; if work is not defined, then publication-date is preceded by "published" and enclosed in parenthesis. | 字串 | 非必填 |
Date format | df | Sets rendered dates to the specified format | 字串 | 非必填 |
Year of publication | year | Year of the source being referenced; recommended only when date parameter format is YYYY-MM-DD and a CITEREF disambiguator is needed | 數值 | 非必填 |
Postscript | postscript | Controls the closing punctuation for a citation; defaults to a period (.); for no terminating punctuation, specify |postscript=none – leaving |postscript= empty is the same as omitting it, but is ambiguous. Ignored if quote is defined. | 字串 | 非必填 |
Editor last name | editor-last editor editor-surname editor-last1 editor-surname1 editor1 editor1-last editor1-surname editors | The surname of the editor; don't wikilink, use 'editor-link'; can suffix with a numeral to add additional editors | 不明 | 非必填 |
Editor first name | editor-first editor-first1 editor-given1 editor1-first editor1-given | The surname of the editor; don't wikilink, use 'editor-link'; can suffix with a numeral to add additional editors | 不明 | 非必填 |
Author Mask | author-mask authormask | Replaces the name of the first author with em dashes or text. Set author-mask to a numeric value n to set the dash n em spaces wide; set author-mask to a text value to display the text without a trailing author separator; for example, "with". You must still include the values for all authors for metadata purposes. Primarily intended for use with bibliographies or bibliography styles where multiple works by a single author are listed sequentially such as shortened footnotes. Do not use in a list generated by {{reflist}}, <references /> or similar as there is no control of the order in which references are displayed. You can also use editor-mask and translator-mask in the same way. | 字串 | 非必填 |
Original year | orig-year origyear | Original year of publication; provide specifics | 數值 | 非必填 |
Translated title | trans-title trans_title | An English language title, if the source cited is in a foreign language; 'language' is recommended | 內容 | 非必填 |
Translated chapter title | trans-chapter trans_chapter | An English language chapter title, if the source cited is in a foreign language; 'language' is recommended | 內容 | 非必填 |
Type | type | Additional information about the media type of the source; format in sentence case | 內容 | 非必填 |
Archive URL | archive-url archiveurl | The URL of an archived copy of a web page, if or in case the URL becomes unavailable; requires 'archivedate' | 行 | 非必填 |
Dead URL | dead-url deadurl | If set to 'no', the title display is adjusted; useful for when the URL is archived preemptively but still live | 行 | 非必填 |
Series | series version | Series identifier when the source is part of a series, such as a book series or a journal; alias of 'version' | 內容 | 非必填 |
periodical | periodical | 沒有描述 | 字串 | 非必填 |
At | at | May be used instead of 'page' or 'pages' where a page number is inappropriate or insufficient | 行 | 非必填 |
No pp | nopp | Set to 'y' to suppress the 'p.' or 'pp.' display with 'page' or 'pages' when inappropriate (such as 'Front cover') | 行 | 非必填 |
Chapter | chapter | The chapter heading of the source | 字串 | 非必填 |
contribution | contribution | 沒有描述 | 字串 | 非必填 |
chapter-url | chapter-url chapterurl | 沒有描述 | 字串 | 非必填 |
contribution-url | contribution-url | 沒有描述 | 字串 | 非必填 |
chapter-format | chapter-format | 沒有描述 | 字串 | 非必填 |
others | others | 沒有描述 | 字串 | 非必填 |
Edition | edition | When the publication has more than one edition; for example: '2nd', 'Revised' etc.; suffixed with ' ed.' | 行 | 非必填 |
Location of publication | place location | Geographical place of publication; usually not wikilinked | 字串 | 非必填 |
Place of publication | publication-place | Publication place shows after title; if 'place' or 'location' are also given, they are displayed before the title prefixed with 'written at' | 內容 | 非必填 |
Publisher | publisher | Name of the publisher; displays after title | 內容 | 非必填 |
Language | language | The language in which the source is written, if not English; use the full language name; do not use icons or templates | 內容 | 非必填 |
Format | format | Format of the work referred to by 'url' ('url' is required when using 'format'); examples: PDF, DOC, XLS; do not specify HTML | 內容 | 非必填 |
arXiv identifier | arxiv | An identifier for arXive electronic preprints of scientific papers | 行 | 非必填 |
ASIN | asin ASIN | Amazon Standard Identification Number; 10 characters | 行 | 非必填 |
ASIN TLD | asin-tld | ASIN top-level domain for Amazon sites other than the US | 行 | 非必填 |
Bibcode | bibcode | Bibliographic Reference Code (REFCODE); 19 characters | 行 | 非必填 |
biorXiv | biorxiv | biorXiv identifier; 6 digits | 行 | 非必填 |
CiteSeerX | citeseerx | CiteSeerX identifier; found after the 'doi=' query parameter | 行 | 非必填 |
DOI | doi DOI | Digital Object Identifier; begins with '10.' | 字串 | 非必填 |
doi_inactivedate | doi_inactivedate | 沒有描述 | 字串 | 非必填 |
DOI broken date | doi-broken-date | The date that the DOI was determined to be broken | 日期 | 非必填 |
ISBN | isbn | International Standard Book Number; use the 13-digit ISBN where possible | 行 | 非必填 |
ISSN | issn | International Standard Serial Number (print); 8 characters; usually split into two groups of four using a hyphen | 行 | 非必填 |
eISSN | eissn | International Standard Serial Number (online); 8 characters; usually split into two groups of four using a hyphen | 行 | 非必填 |
jfm code | jfm | Jahrbuch über die Fortschritte der Mathematik classification code | 行 | 非必填 |
JSTOR | jstor | JSTOR identifier | 行 | 非必填 |
LCCN | lccn | Library of Congress Control Number | 行 | 非必填 |
MR | mr | Mathematical Reviews identifier | 行 | 非必填 |
OCLC | oclc | Online Computer Library Center number | 數值 | 非必填 |
OL | ol | Open Library identifier | 行 | 非必填 |
OSTI | osti | Office of Scientific and Technical Information identifier | 行 | 非必填 |
PMC | pmc | PubMed Center article number | 數值 | 非必填 |
PMID | pmid | PubMed Unique Identifier | 行 | 非必填 |
RFC | rfc | Request for Comments number | 數值 | 非必填 |
SSRN | ssrn | Social Science Research Network | 行 | 非必填 |
Zbl | zbl | Zentralblatt MATH journal identifier | 行 | 非必填 |
id | id | A unique identifier used where none of the specialized ones are applicable | 行 | 非必填 |
Quote | quote | Relevant text quoted from the source; displays last, enclosed in quotes; needs to include terminating punctuation | 內容 | 非必填 |
Ref | ref | An anchor identifier; can be made the target of wikilinks to full references; special value 'harv' generates an anchor suitable for the harv and sfn templates | 行 | 非必填 |
URL access date | access-date accessdate | The full date when the original URL was accessed; do not wikilink | 日期 | 非必填 |
Lay URL | laysummary layurl lay-url | URL link to a non-technical summary or review of the source | 行 | 非必填 |
Lay source | lay-source laysource | Name of the source of the laysummary; displays in italics, preceded by an en dash | 字串 | 非必填 |
Lay date | lay-date laydate | Date of the summary; displays in parentheses | 日期 | 非必填 |
Author name separator | author-name-separator | Changes the separator between last and first names; defaults to a comma and space; a space must be encoded as  
| 行 | 非必填 |
Last author ampersand | last-author-amp lastauthoramp | When set to any value, changes the separator between the last two names of the author list to 'space ampersand space' | 布林值 | 非必填 |
Display authors | displayauthors display-authors | number of authors to display before 'et al.' is used; | 數值 | 非必填 |
Archive date | archive-date archivedate | Date when the original URL was archived; do not wikilink | 日期 | 非必填 |
Last name 2 | last2 author2 surname2 | The surname of the second author; don't wikilink, use 'authorlink2'. | 行 | 非必填 |
First name 2 | first2 given2 | Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the second author; don't wikilink. | 行 | 非必填 |
Last name 3 | last3 author3 surname3 | The surname of the third author; don't wikilink, use 'authorlink3'. | 行 | 非必填 |
First name 3 | first3 given3 | Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the third author; don't wikilink. | 行 | 非必填 |
Last name 4 | last4 author4 surname4 | The surname of the forth author; don't wikilink, use 'authorlink4'. | 行 | 非必填 |
First name 4 | first4 given4 | Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the forth author; don't wikilink. | 行 | 非必填 |
Last name 5 | last5 author5 surname5 | The surname of the fifth author; don't wikilink, use 'authorlink5'. | 行 | 非必填 |
First name 5 | first5 given5 | Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the fifth author; don't wikilink. | 行 | 非必填 |
Last name 6 | last6 author6 surname6 | The surname of the sixth author; don't wikilink, use 'authorlink6'. | 行 | 非必填 |
First name 6 | first6 | Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the sixth author; don't wikilink. | 行 | 非必填 |
Last name 7 | last7 author7 surname7 | The surname of the seventh author; don't wikilink, use 'authorlink7'. | 行 | 非必填 |
First name 7 | first7 given7 | Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the seventh author; don't wikilink. | 行 | 非必填 |
Last name 8 | last8 author8 surname8 | The surname of the eighth author; don't wikilink, use 'authorlink8'. | 行 | 非必填 |
First name 8 | first8 given8 | Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the eighth author; don't wikilink. | 行 | 非必填 |
Last name 9 | last9 author9 surname9 | The surname of the ninth author; don't wikilink, use 'authorlink9'. If nine authors are defined, then only eight will show and 'et al.' will show in place of the last author. | 行 | 非必填 |
First name 9 | first9 given9 | Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the ninth author; don't wikilink. | 行 | 非必填 |
Author link | author-link authorlink author1-link authorlink1 | Title of existing Wikipedia article about the author; can suffix with a numeral to add additional authors | 頁面名稱 | 非必填 |
Author link 2 | author-link2 author2-link authorlink2 | Title of existing Wikipedia article about the second author. | 頁面名稱 | 非必填 |
Author link 3 | author-link3 author3-link authorlink3 | Title of existing Wikipedia article about the third author. | 頁面名稱 | 非必填 |
Author link 4 | author-link4 author4-link authorlink4 | Title of existing Wikipedia article about the forth author. | 頁面名稱 | 非必填 |
Author link 5 | author-link5 author5-link authorlink5 | Title of existing Wikipedia article about the sixth author. | 頁面名稱 | 非必填 |
Author link 6 | author-link6 author6-link authorlink6 | Title of existing Wikipedia article about the sixth author. | 頁面名稱 | 非必填 |
Author link 7 | author-link7 author7-link authorlink7 | Title of existing Wikipedia article about the seventh author. | 頁面名稱 | 非必填 |
Author link 8 | author-link8 author8-link authorlink8 | Title of existing Wikipedia article about the eighth author. | 頁面名稱 | 非必填 |
Author link 9 | author-link9 author9-link authorlink9 | Title of existing Wikipedia article about the ninth author. | 頁面名稱 | 非必填 |
Editor last name 2 | editor2-last editor2 | The surname of the second editor; don't wikilink, use 'editor2-link'. | 行 | 非必填 |
Editor first name 2 | editor2-first editor2-given | Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the second editor; don't wikilink. | 行 | 非必填 |
Editor last name 3 | editor3-last editor3 | The surname of the third editor; don't wikilink, use 'editor3-link'. | 行 | 非必填 |
Editor first name 3 | editor3-first editor3-given | Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the third editor; don't wikilink. | 行 | 非必填 |
Editor last name 4 | editor4-last editor4 | The surname of the fourth editor; don't wikilink, use 'editor4-link'. | 行 | 非必填 |
Editor first name 4 | editor4-first editor4-given | Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the fourth editor; don't wikilink. | 行 | 非必填 |
Editor last name 5 | editor5-last editor5 | The surname of the fifth editor; don't wikilink, use 'editor5-link'. | 行 | 非必填 |
Editor first name 5 | editor5-first editor5-given | Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the fifth editor; don't wikilink. | 行 | 非必填 |
Editor last name 6 | editor6-last editor6 | The surname of the sixth editor; don't wikilink, use 'editor6-link'. | 行 | 非必填 |
Editor first name 6 | editor6-first editor6-given | Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the sixth editor; don't wikilink. | 行 | 非必填 |
Editor last name 7 | editor7-last editor7 | The surname of the seventh editor; don't wikilink, use 'editor7-link'. | 行 | 非必填 |
Editor first name 7 | editor7-first editor7-given | Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the seventh editor; don't wikilink. | 行 | 非必填 |
Editor last name 8 | editor8-last editor8 | The surname of the eighth editor; don't wikilink, use 'editor8-link'. | 行 | 非必填 |
Editor first name 8 | editor8-first editor8-given | Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the eighth editor; don't wikilink. | 行 | 非必填 |
Editor last name 9 | editor9-last editor9 | The surname of the ninth editor; don't wikilink, use 'editor9-link'. | 行 | 非必填 |
Editor first name 9 | editor9-first editor9-given | Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the ninth editor; don't wikilink. | 行 | 非必填 |
editor-link | editor-link | 沒有描述 | 字串 | 非必填 |
editor1-link | editor1-link | 沒有描述 | 字串 | 非必填 |
editor2-link | editor2-link | 沒有描述 | 字串 | 非必填 |
editor3-link | editor3-link | 沒有描述 | 字串 | 非必填 |
editor4-link | editor4-link | 沒有描述 | 字串 | 非必填 |
Translator last name | translator-last translator translator-last1 translator1 translator1-last | The surname of the translator; don't wikilink, use 'translator-link'; can suffix with a numeral to add additional translators. | 字串 | 非必填 |
Translator first name | translator-first translator1-first translator-first1 | Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the translator; don't wikilink, use 'translator-link'; can suffix with a numeral to add additional translators. | 字串 | 非必填 |
Translator link | translator-link translator-link1 translator1-link | Title of existing Wikipedia article about the translator; can suffix with a numeral to add additional translators. | 頁面名稱 | 非必填 |
Translator last name 2 | translator-last2 translator2 translator2-last | The surname of the second translator; don't wikilink, use 'translator-link'. | 字串 | 非必填 |
Translator first name 2 | translator-first2 translator2-first | Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the second translator; don't wikilink, use 'translator-link'. | 字串 | 非必填 |
Translator last name 3 | translator-last3 translator3 translator3-last | The surname of the third translator; don't wikilink, use 'translator-link'. | 字串 | 非必填 |
Translator first name 3 | translator-first3 translator3-first | Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the third translator; don't wikilink, use 'translator-link'. | 字串 | 非必填 |
Translator last name 4 | translator-last4 translator4 translator4-last | The surname of the fourth translator; don't wikilink, use 'translator-link'. | 字串 | 非必填 |
Translator first name 4 | translator-first4 translator4-first | Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the fourth translator; don't wikilink, use 'translator-link'. | 字串 | 非必填 |
Translator last name 5 | translator-last5 translator5 translator5-last | The surname of the fifth translator; don't wikilink, use 'translator-link'. | 字串 | 非必填 |
Translator first name 5 | translator-first5 translator5-first | Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the fifth translator; don't wikilink, use 'translator-link'. | 字串 | 非必填 |
Translator last name 6 | translator-last6 translator6 translator6-last | The surname of the sixth translator; don't wikilink, use 'translator-link'. | 字串 | 非必填 |
Translator first name 6 | translator-first6 translator6-first | Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the sixth translator; don't wikilink, use 'translator-link'. | 字串 | 非必填 |
Translator last name 7 | translator-last7 translator7 translator7-last | The surname of the seventh translator; don't wikilink, use 'translator-link'. | 字串 | 非必填 |
Translator first name 7 | translator-first7 translator7-first | Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the seventh translator; don't wikilink, use 'translator-link'. | 字串 | 非必填 |
Translator last name 8 | translator-last8 translator8 translator8-last | The surname of the eighth translator; don't wikilink, use 'translator-link'. | 字串 | 非必填 |
Translator first name 8 | translator-first8 translator8-first | Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the eighth translator; don't wikilink, use 'translator-link'. | 字串 | 非必填 |
Translator last name 9 | translator-last9 translator9 translator9-last | The surname of the ninth translator; don't wikilink, use 'translator-link'. | 字串 | 非必填 |
Translator first name 9 | translator-first9 translator9-first | Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the ninth translator; don't wikilink, use 'translator-link'. | 字串 | 非必填 |
Translator link 2 | translator-link2 translator2-link | Title of existing Wikipedia article about the second translator. | 頁面名稱 | 非必填 |
Translator link 3 | translator-link3 translator3-link | Title of existing Wikipedia article about the third translator. | 頁面名稱 | 非必填 |
Translator link 4 | translator-link4 translator4-link | Title of existing Wikipedia article about the fourth translator. | 頁面名稱 | 非必填 |
Translator link 5 | translator-link5 translator5-link | Title of existing Wikipedia article about the fifth translator. | 頁面名稱 | 非必填 |
Translator link 6 | translator-link6 translator6-link | Title of existing Wikipedia article about the sixth translator. | 頁面名稱 | 非必填 |
Translator link 7 | translator-link7 translator7-link | Title of existing Wikipedia article about the seventh translator. | 頁面名稱 | 非必填 |
Translator link 8 | translator-link8 translator8-link | Title of existing Wikipedia article about the eighth translator. | 頁面名稱 | 非必填 |
Translator link 9 | translator-link9 translator9-link | Title of existing Wikipedia article about the ninth translator. | 頁面名稱 | 非必填 |
See also
[Gāi nguòng-mā]- Wikipedia:Citation templates
- Wikipedia:Inline citation
- Wikipedia:Parenthetical referencing
- For a comparison of citations using templates with citations written freehand, see Wikipedia:Citing sources/Example edits for different methods § Footnotes
The above documentation is transcluded from 模板:Citation/doc. (edit | history) Editors can experiment in this template's sandbox (create | mirror) and testcases (create) pages. Please add categories and interwikis to the /doc subpage. Subpages of this template. |